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NCRP Report No. 64, Influence of Dose and Its Distribution in Time on Dose-Response Relationships for Low- LET Radiations
NCRP Report No. 64 represents the result of a comprehensive review of data relating to the influence of the magnitude and temporal distribution of dose on the biological effectiveness of low-LET radiation per unit of absorbed dose. The evaluation involved in the preparation of the report focused on hereditary and carcinogenic effects that might occur in man after exposure to low doses and/or dose rates. This Report makes clear that there are insufficient data on dose-rate effects in man to allow confident judgement on resultant changes in health risks, and thus the accumulated experimental evidence in plant, animal and cellular systems must be brought to bear in formulating these judgements. The Report concludes that the risk per unit dose of low-LET radiation for cell killing and the induction of chromosome aberrations, mutations, teratogenetic effects, tumor formation, and shortening of life has been observed in experimental systems to depend consistently upon the magnitude of the dose and its temporal distribution. The Report specifies that the effectiveness per unit dose of high versus low dose-rate exposure ranges from a factor of about 2 to about 10.
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